Doenças induzidas pela cocaína

Autores

  • José António Pereira de Jesus Antunes Instituto para os Comportamentos Aditivos e Dependências (ICAD, I.P.), Polo Oeiras-Cascais/Carcavelos, Portugal; Centro de Estudos Globais, Universidade Aberta, Lisboa, Portugal. Autor

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69849/dbf3gw40

Palavras-chave:

Cocaína, levamisol, doenças, revisão

Resumo

O consumo de cocaína tem aumentado nos últimos anos e com ele os problemas de saúde relacionados com esses consumos. Acresce a este problema que muita da cocaína consumida está adulterada nomeadamente com levamisol que tem potencialidades muito especiais em desencadear outros problemas de saúde nomeadamente reações autoimunes. Fez-se uma pesquisa na literatura biomédica dos artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos sobre os efeitos adversos da cocaína na saúde.

A cocaína além de influenciar o sistema nervoso, como substância psicoactiva que é, tem efeitos sistémicos e repercute-se em diversos órgãos e sistemas do organismo humano. Os profissionais de saúde devem estar atentos a essas manifestações que podem com facilidade passar despercebidas.

Referências

Alsarhani, W., Almater, A., & Abu El-Asrar, A. (2024). Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion Following Cocaine Inhalation. Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology, 29(1), 56-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/meajo.meajo_65_22

Angoa-Pérez, M., & Kuhn, D. (2021). Evidence for Modulation of Substance Use Disorders by the Gut Microbiome: Hidden in Plain Sight. Pharmacological Reviews,73(2), 571-596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000144

Arenas, D., Beltran, S., Zhou, S., & Goldberg, L. (2020). Cocaine, cardiomyopathy, and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports,10(1), 19795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-76273-1

Aseem, F., Lin, V., Gilbert, A., Rivadeneira, A., Jennette, J., Bouldin, T., Khoshbakht, F., Lee, Y., Chamberlin, K., Gelinne, A., Mehrabyan, A., Javed, B., Dujmovic, I, & Diaz, M. (2024). ANCA-associated vasculitis presenting with isolated neurological manifestations in a patient with cocaine abuse: a case report and literature review. Clinical Rheumatology, 43(4), 1401-1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-024-06919-2

Ciccarone, D., & Shoptaw, S. (2022). Understanding Stimulant Use and Use Disorders in a New Era. Medical Clinics of North America,106(1), 81-97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2021.08.010

Chiao, A., Hughes, M., Karimuddanahalli Premkumar, P., & Zoucha, K. (2024). The Effects of Substance Misuse on Auditory and Vestibular Function: A Systematic Review. Ear & Hearing, 45(2), 276-296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001425

Dominic, P., Ahmad, J., Awwab, H., Bhuiyan, M., Kevil, C., Goeders, N., Murnane, K., Patterson, J., Sandau, K., Gopinathannair, R., & Olshansky, B. (2022). Stimulant Drugs of Abuse and Cardiac Arrhythmias. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 15(1), 71-83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCEP.121.010273

Edinoff, A., Sall, S., Roberts, T., Tomlinson, H., Soileau, L., Jackson, E., Murnane, K., Wenger, D., Cornett, E., Toms, J., Kumbhare, D., Kaye, A., & Kaye, A. (2023). Transcranial Stimulation for the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorder. Neurology International, 15(1), 325-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurolint15010021

Farooq, U., Alcantar, D., Ahmed, Z., & Abegunde A. (2020). Outcomes of Vasoconstrictor-Induced Non-Occlusive Mesenteric Ischemia of the Colon: A Systematic Review. Clinical Medicine & Research, 20(3), 164-169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2022.1726

Goraya, M., Malik, A., Inayat, F., Ishtiaq, R., Zaman, M., Arslan, H., & Tarar, Z. (2021). Acute pancreatitis secondary to cocaine use: a case-based systematic literature review. Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology,14(4). 1269-1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12328-021-01427-1

Green, R., Gardiner, Q., Vinod, K., Oparka, R., & Ross, P. (2020). A case series and literature review on patients with rhinological complications secondary to the use of cocaine and levamisole. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology,134(5), 440-446. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0022215120000894

Greve, D., Funke, J., Khairi, T., Montagner, M., Starck, C., Falk, V., Sá, M., & Kurz, S. (2020). Cocaine-Related Aortic Dissection: what do we know? Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery, 35(5), 764-769. http://dx.doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0333

Grubb, A., Greene, S., Fudim, M., Dewald, T., & Mentz, R. (2021). Drugs of Abuse and Heart Failure. Journal of Cardiac Failure, 27(11),1260-1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cardfail.2021.05.023

Guo, C., Chen, L., & Wang, Y. (2023). Substance abuse and neurodegenerative diseases: focus on ferroptosis. Archives of Toxicology, 97(6), 1519-1528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-023-03505-4

Guo, M., Roodsari, S., Cheng, Y., Dempsey, R., & Hu, W. (2023). Microglia NLRP3 Inflammasome and Neuroimmune Signaling in Substance Use Disorders. Biomolecules,13(6), 922-936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13060922

Yaseen, K., Nevares, A., & Tamaki, H. (2022). A Spotlight on Drug-Induced Vasculitis. Current Rheumatology Reports,24(11), 323- 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11926-022-01088-0

Yu, C., Huang, L., & Su, Y. (2024). Poisoning-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: A Review. Medicina, 60(8), 1302-1314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081302

Hersey, M., Bacon, A., Bailey, L., Coggiano, M., Newman A., Leggio, L., & Tanda, G. (2021). Psychostimulant Use Disorder, an Unmet Therapeutic Goal: Can Modafinil Narrow the Gap? Frontiers in Neuroscience,15, 1-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.656475

Holt, L., & Nestler, E. (2024). Astrocytic transcriptional and epigenetic mechanisms of drug addiction. Journal of Neural Transmission,131(5).409-424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00702-023-02716-4

Iorio, L., Davanzo, F., Cazzador, D., Codirenzi, M., Fiorin, E., Zanatta, E., Nicolai, P., Doria, A., & Padoan, R. (2024). Cocaine- and Levamisole-Induced Vasculitis: Defining the Spectrum of Autoimmune Manifestations. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 13(17), 5116-5134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13175116

Kannan, L. (2022). Renal manifestations of recreational drugs: A narrative review of the literature. Medicine, 101(50), 1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000031888

Keim, C., Schwartz, R., & Kapila, R. (2022). Levamisole-induced and COVID-19-induced retiform purpura: two overlapping, emerging clinical syndromes. Archives of Dermatological Research, 315(2), 265-273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00403-021-02303-1

Kim, S., Kim, D., Lee, J., Lee, S., Kang, H., & Yeo, S. (2021). Review of Pharmacotherapy for Tinnitus. Healthcare,9(6), 779-800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060779

Lauretani, F., Giallauria, F., Testa, C., Zinni, C., Lorenzi, B., Zucchini, I., Salvi, M., Napoli, R., & Maggio, M. (2024). Dopamine Pharmacodynamics: New Insights. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(10), 5293-5308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25105293

Lipman, Z., & Yosipovitch, G. (2021). Substance use disorders and chronic itch. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 84(1), 148-155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.08.117

Mak, K., Kee, D., & Shin, D. (2022). Alcohol‐associated capillarization of sinusoids: A critique since the discovery by Schaffner and Popper in 1963. The Anatomical Record, 305(7), 1592-1610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.24829

Mansour, J., Zulfiqar, M., Umer, A., Zurcher, K., Heeger, A., & Menias, C. (2020). Abdominal Imaging Manifestations of Recreational Drug Use. RadioGraphics,40(7), 1895-1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/rg.2020200048

Melo, C., Guimarães, H., Medeiros, R., Souza, G., Santos, P., & Tôrres, A. (2022). Oral changes in cocaine abusers: an integrative review. Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology,88(4), 633-641. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.04.011

Melugin, P., Nolan, S., & Siciliano, A. (2020). Bidirectional causality between addiction and cognitive deficits. International Review of Neurobiology, 157, 371-407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2020.11.001

Misra, D., Thomas, K., Gasparyan, A., & Zimba, O. (2021). Mechanisms of thrombosis in ANCA-associated vasculitis. Clinical Rheumatology, 40(12), 4807-4815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10067-021-05790-9

Nitro, L., Pipolo, C., Fadda, G., Allevi, F., Borgione, M., Cavallo, G., Felisati, G., & Saibene, A. (2022). Distribution of cocaine-induced midline destructive lesions: systematic review and classification. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology,279(7),3257-3267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00405-022-07290-1

O'Keefe, E., Dhore-Patil, A., & Lavie, C. (2022). Early-Onset Cardiovascular Disease From Cocaine, Amphetamines, Alcohol, and Marijuana. Canadian Journal of Cardiology,38(9), 1342-1351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2022.06.027

de Pins, B., Mendes, T., Giralt, A., & Girault, J. (2021). The Non-receptor Tyrosine Kinase Pyk2 in Brain Function and Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases. Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience, 13, 1-27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2021.749001

Quaranta, A., D'Isidoro, O., Piattelli, A., Hui, W., & Perrotti, V. (2000). Illegal drugs and periodontal conditions. Periodontology 2000, 90(1), 62-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12450

Ramponi, G., Folci, M., De Santis, M., Damoiseaux, J., Selmi, C., & Brunetta, E.(2021). The biology, pathogenetic role, clinical implications, and open issues of serum anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. Autoimmunity Reviews, 20(3), 102759-102775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102759

Rimkus, C., Schoeps, V., Boaventura, M., Godoy, L., Apostolos-Pereira, S., Calich, A., Callegaro, D., Lucato, L., Rovira, A., Sastre-Garriga, J., & Leite, C. (2021). Drug-related demyelinating syndromes: understanding risk factors, pathophysiological mechanisms and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 55, 103146-103157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103146

Roset-Altadill, A., Wat, D., & Radike, M. (2024). Cardiovascular and pulmonary complications of recreational drugs: A pictorial review. European Journal of Radiology,178. 111648-111661. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111648

Sacco, R., Ball, R., Barry, E., & Akintola, O. (2021). The role of illicit drugs in developing medication-related osteonecrosis (MRONJ): a systematic review. British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 59(4), 398-406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.08.079

Srisajjakul, S., Prapaisilp, P., & Bangchokdee, S. (2022). Drug-induced bowel complications and toxicities: imaging findings and pearls. Abdominal Radiology, 47(4), 1298-1310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00261-022-03452-1

Steele, V. & Maxwell, A. (2021). Treating cocaine and opioid use disorder with transcranial magnetic stimulation: A path forward. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 209, 173240-173296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173240

Sundar, V., Ramasamy, T., Doke, M., & Samikkannu, T. (2022). Psychostimulants influence oxidative stress and redox signatures: the role of DNA methylation. Redox Report,27(1), 53-59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2022.2043224

Thijs, E., Hurley, D., Cummings, B., Elewaut, D., Verougstraete, N., Claerhout, I., Murphy, C., Power, W., & Roels, D. (2024). Levamisole-Adulterated Cocaine-Induced Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid: Case Reports and Literature Review. Cornea,43(8).1053-1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000003481

Downloads

Publicado

13.03.2026

Como Citar

Antunes, J. A. P. de J. (2026). Doenças induzidas pela cocaína. Revista Ft, 30(156), 01-27. https://doi.org/10.69849/dbf3gw40