The relationship between oral health and infective endocarditis: clinical and preventive implications

Abstract

Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a severe cardiovascular disease associated with high morbidity and mortality, resulting from microbial colonization of the endocardium and cardiac valve structures. The oral cavity is recognized as an important reservoir of microorganisms, and inadequate oral health conditions may favor episodes of transient bacteremia, contributing to the development of infective endocarditis. Objective: To analyze the relationship between oral health and infective endocarditis, with emphasis on its clinical implications and preventive strategies, highlighting the role of dentistry in reducing the risk of this condition. Methods: This is an integrative literature review conducted through searches in the SciELO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane Library, and LILACS databases. Studies published between 2021 and 2026 addressing epidemiological, microbiological, pathophysiological, and clinical aspects related to oral health and infective endocarditis were included. Results: The findings indicate that microorganisms from the oral microbiota, particularly viridans group streptococci, are frequently associated with infective endocarditis of oral origin. Cumulative bacteremia resulting from poor oral hygiene was shown to be more relevant to disease development than isolated episodes related to dental procedures. Preventive strategies, such as maintaining oral health and periodic dental evaluation, proved effective in reducing the risk of infective endocarditis, especially in patients with predisposing cardiac conditions. Conclusion: Oral health plays a fundamental role in the prevention of infective endocarditis. Integrated action between dentistry and cardiology is essential for the implementation of effective preventive strategies, contributing to patient safety and to the reduction of systemic complications associated with infections of oral origin.