Sexual violence against children and adolescents: a literature review.

Abstract

Sexual violence against children and adolescents is one of the most cruel forms of human rights violations, representing a serious public health issue that impairs the physical and mental development of those in the growth stage. This study analyzes this problem from an integral perspective, seeking to investigate the causes of abuse, the consequences for victims, and how the protection network—including Guardianship Councils and health units—has been operating in practice. The research focuses on three main points: what Brazilian law mandates, ways to prevent the crime, and how aid agencies communicate to protect the minor. The study reinforces that most abuses occur within the home, committed by people close to the victim, which creates silence and hinders reporting. For the healthcare sector, this requires professionals prepared to identify signs of distress and implement compulsory notification to break the cycle of violence. It is concluded that, although Brazil has robust laws such as the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), true protection only occurs when justice and health systems work together. This work aims to contribute to professional training and provide insights to improve public policies focused on the care of children and adolescents.