Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: A Literature Review

Authors

  • Gabriel Fonseca de Bulhões Programa de Residência em Cirurgia Geral, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES-DF), Brasília, DF, Brasil. Author
  • Marcelo de Melo Andrade Coura Serviço de Coloproctologia, Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Distrito Federal (SES-DF), Brasília, DF, Brasil. Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69849/x8vzv956

Keywords:

colorectal cancer, young adults, incidence, epidemiology, EOCRC

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Traditionally associated with individuals over 50 years of age, recent decades have shown a consistent increase in incidence among young adults (under 50 years), a phenomenon known as early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). This literature review aims to analyze current evidence regarding incidence, epidemiological trends, possible underlying mechanisms, clinicopathological characteristics, and implications for screening policies. International studies demonstrate a significant increase in incidence among individuals aged 20 to 49 years in several countries, contrasting with stabilization or reduction in older age groups. Behavioral and environmental factors, molecular alterations, and possible changes in the intestinal microbiota have been suggested as contributing hypotheses to this multifactorial phenomenon. International guidelines have begun recommending the initiation of screening at 45 years of age, while in Brazil there is still no systematic recommendation for screening below 50 years. The consolidation of this scenario reinforces the need for greater clinical vigilance, expansion of national studies, and possible reassessment of public screening policies.

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Published

2026-02-28

How to Cite

Bulhões, G. F. de ., & Coura, M. de M. A. . (2026). Colorectal Cancer in Young Adults: A Literature Review. Revista Ft, 30(155), 01-07. https://doi.org/10.69849/x8vzv956