Analysis of mortality among liver transplant recipients in Ceará receiving grafts from donors in Piauí

Abstract

Liver transplantation is the main therapeutic option for patients with end-stage liver disease, playing a crucial role in reducing mortality and improving quality of life. This study aimed to analyze mortality among liver transplant recipients in the state of Ceará, Brazil, using organs from donors in Piauí, with emphasis on clinical, epidemiological, and logistical factors associated with outcomes. This is an integrative literature review conducted using national and international databases, including studies published between 2020 and 2025, as well as official documents from the Brazilian transplant system. The findings showed that post-transplant mortality rates are primarily associated with recipients’ clinical conditions, such as disease severity and comorbidities, as well as postoperative complications, including infections and primary graft failure. The donor profile from Piauí, predominantly composed of young male individuals, was considered favorable for organ quality. However, logistical factors, particularly cold ischemia time related to interstate organ transport, negatively impact clinical outcomes. Additionally, the concentration of transplant centers in Ceará highlights regional inequalities in access to liver transplantation, resulting in dependence on interstate organ allocation. In conclusion, despite significant advances in the field, post-transplant mortality remains influenced by multiple factors. Strengthening public policies, improving logistics, and optimizing donor and recipient selection criteria are essential strategies to reduce risks and improve patient survival.