Extraction and immediate implantation

Abstract

Historically, implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation involved techniques considered safe and often conservative, waiting an average of three to six months for bone maturation before implant placement. Current studies and new concepts related to alveolar preservation have been used, meeting biological demands and patient expectations for faster oral rehabilitation. Post-extraction implantation is a current technique; this approach consists of placing the dental implant immediately after tooth extraction, in the same surgical procedure, in a fresh socket. The surgical site left by the extracted tooth is used, and the implant is placed, reducing waiting time, medication, and the number of interventions as occurs in conventional implants. The success rate of this treatment varies, reaching up to 98%. However, to opt for this technique, the implantologist must be attentive to certain characteristics of the implantation site, such as the absence of an active infectious process; the presence of sufficient bone structure for the primary stability of the implant; the absence of parafunctional habits such as bruxism; among other factors. The advantage of this technique is maintaining peri-implant tissues in volume and height, with minimal post-extraction bone resorption, and shortening intervention and treatment time. This work aims to show, through a literature review, that the practice of this approach in implantology can favor the healing of extraction wounds and minimize bone loss, as well as enhance the biological response of bone and soft tissues compared to the delayed placement protocol. It also aims to outline the principles, advantages, and disadvantages, and explain the step-by-step procedure of the technique. A literature review on the topic was conducted using articles available in free and digital databases. The bibliographic review used keywords and the work's theme. Articles in Portuguese and English were included. However, this research shows that the success of this clinical approach depends on careful planning and a thorough selection of patients, as well as following effective protocols and refined surgical technique.