The importance of physiotherapy in preventing vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Authors

  • Ariane de Holanda Leal Author
  • Delciane Borges Martins Author
  • José Mário Fernandes Mattos Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.69849/0dbvsz90

Keywords:

Physiotherapy., Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Vascular complications, Diabetic foot

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is a highly prevalent chronic disease characterized by hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, culminating in endothelial dysfunction and micro- and macrovascular complications. The most debilitating complication is "diabetic foot," which results in neuropathy and vasculopathy, increasing the risk of ulcers and amputations. Physiotherapy emerges as a crucial intervention to mitigate these damages and preserve the functionality of the lower limbs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of physiotherapy interventions in preventing vascular complications and reducing the incidence of foot ulcers in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. METHODOLOGY: This study is characterized as a systematic literature review, with an exploratory and descriptive approach. The search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE database, using controlled and uncontrolled descriptors such as "physiotherapy," "type 2 diabetes mellitus," "vascular complications," and "diabetic foot." Studies published in the last 5 years (randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews, and cohort studies) in Portuguese and English were included. After screening and full-text reading, seven studies were selected for qualitative data synthesis. RESULTS: Evidence shows that therapeutic exercise programs (aerobic, strengthening, and stretching) and joint mobilizations significantly increase ankle range of motion (ROM) and reduce peak plantar pressure in the forefoot. Interventions combined with health education and home thermometry proved effective in reducing postoperative wound recurrence (from 27.7% to 10.5% in six months) and in ulcer healing. Assistive technologies and adjuvant therapies, such as electrotherapy and laser therapy, also showed favorable results in tissue regeneration. CONCLUSION: Physiotherapy plays a fundamental role in the prevention of vascular complications in type 2 diabetes, mainly through improved functional mobility and patient education. Although isolated interventions may have a limited impact on complex biomechanical outcomes, an integrated approach (exercises, orthoses, and continuous monitoring) is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality, promoting patient autonomy and quality of life.

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Published

2026-03-11

How to Cite

Leal, A. de H., Martins, D. B., & Mattos, J. M. F. (2026). The importance of physiotherapy in preventing vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Revista Ft, 30(156), 01-16. https://doi.org/10.69849/0dbvsz90