Impacts of contrast baths in the treatment of ankle sprains: a literature review.

Abstract

Ankle sprains represent one of the most frequent ligament injuries in the musculoskeletal system, with a high prevalence in physically active populations and a potential for progression into chronic instability, persistent pain, and functional deficits. In the context of physical therapy rehabilitation, contrast baths—characterized by the alternation between hot and cold thermal stimuli—have been used as an adjuvant strategy aiming to modulate the inflammatory response, promote analgesia, and optimize functional recovery.

This study aims to critically analyze the effects of contrast baths in the treatment of ankle sprains through a literature review. Studies published in relevant scientific databases were selected, prioritizing clinical trials, systematic reviews, and experimental studies investigating interventions based on combined thermotherapy and cryotherapy.

The results indicate that contrast baths may favor local hemodynamics through the alternation between vasodilation and vasoconstriction, contributing to the reduction of interstitial edema and the removal of inflammatory byproducts. Additionally, evidence points to possible effects on pain modulation and the recovery of range of motion. However, significant methodological heterogeneity is observed among the studies, especially regarding application parameters (immersion time, thermal gradient, and number of cycles), which limits the comparison of results and the generalization of evidence.

It is concluded that contrast baths present therapeutic potential as a complementary intervention in the rehabilitation of ankle sprains, although scientific evidence remains inconclusive regarding its superiority over other modalities. Thus, there is a clear need for studies with greater methodological rigor and standardized protocols to further elucidate its clinical effectiveness.