Regulation and exploitation of rare earths in Brazil

Abstract

This document presents an investigation into the regulation and exploitation of rare earths in Brazil. The main objective of this analysis was to examine whether the current Brazilian legal and regulatory framework is an effective instrument for the sustainable exploitation of rare earths or an obstacle to the country’s strategic development. To achieve this objective, the following specific purposes were established: to map the regulatory framework governing exploration and mining; to examine environmental licensing; to investigate economic and tax aspects; and to compare Brazilian legislation with that of China and Australia. The methodology was based on the analysis of relevant content and the interpretation of data obtained from secondary sources. The study found that, although the Brazilian legal framework is well developed, it imposes significant regulatory obstacles, particularly in environmental licensing, which hinder exploitation. It concluded that there is an urgent need for a state policy that provides legal certainty and procedural efficiency in order to make the sector more competitive. The final considerations highlight the importance of continuing research on the subject in order to deepen current knowledge and promote future advances.